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Jf7,oe AVi. 874. Tarhorowzhi (Edgecombe County, JS C.J Saturday, JJecembtr 3, 1842 i Ol. XVlll Vo 4H. Si Tc Tarborough JPrcss BY O GORGE HOWARD, Is published weekly at Two Dollars and Fifty Cents per year, if paid in advance or Three Dollars at the expiration of the subscription year. For an j period less than a year, Twenty-five Cents per month. Subscribers are at liberty to discontinue at anytime, on giving notice thereof and paying arrears those residing at a aisiance, must invariably pay in advance, or give a respon sible reference in this vicinity. ' Advertisements not exceeding a square will be Inserted at One Dollar the first" insertion, and 2" cents for every continuance. Longer advertise ments in like proportion. Court Orders and Ju dicial advertisements 25 per cent, higher. Ad vertisements must be marked the number of in sertions required, or theywill be continued until otherwise ordered and charged accordingly. Letters addressed to the Kditor must be p st paid or they may notbe attended to. GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. Gentlemen of the Senate. and of th House of Commons: The periodical assemblage of a portion ol the people, selected for their eminent qual ifications, for the important trusts confide! to them to enact law? by which they, as well as their const ituents, are to be govern ed is an occasion interesting to the phi lan'.hropist, cheering, to the friends of ra tional liberty, and an abb- commentary up on the excellence of our political institu tions. To that Department of the Government, assigned to superintend the due execution of the Laws, this assemblage should al ways be acceptable, as affording an oppor tunity to show how the duties of that De partment have been discharged to point out the defects of the laws, which experi ence has proven to exist and to suggest such amendments and enactments as thp P-nod ot the community may re- o " quire. Such is the interesting occasion, fellow citizens, which brings us together; and, in the name of our common constituents, 1 cordially greet you, and tender you my hearty co-operation in the adoption and ex ecution of all measures that may redound to the welfare of the community. Since the last meeting of your Honorable body, although portions of our Slate have been visited with affliction, and with phy sical causes, dest ructive to the hopes and la bors of the husbandman yet the general health of the land, and the bounteous pro ductions of the soil, have been such as to elicit the most profound gratitude towards that Author, from whom all blessing-? (low, and to whose superintending Pi ovidence we are indebted for all we are, and lor all we hope to be. And it is our rnecial duty, as it is that of every Department of every A- merican Government, earnestly to solicit a continuance of those peculiar favors, which have rendered the American people the blessed of the earth. Within the same period, an event has ta ken place, in the death of our late lamen ted Chief Magistrate, which, while a grate- fill DeoDle have mourned their bereave ment, and a suttenng country lei I the at fliction, yet ha it proven the fre-ight of our Revolutionary sagos, m the adoption of our Constitution, and has tested its wis dom and stability. A similar event, in most other countries, would have been fol lowed by a resort to force, or, at least, to extraordinary legislation, to establish the succession. With us, the successor, al ready indicated by the people themselves, glides into the Chief Magistracy, wiih an ease and quiet on his part, anil an acquies ence on outs, that proves, how fortunate it is for the human family, when, in the establishment of their forms of Govern ment, they select Wisdom, instead of Am bition, for their counsellor. And, it is to be fondly hoped, that every future test, like this, will assure the friends of our form of Government, of its strength, and it en emies, how delusive the hope of its des truction. The result of the late Treaty with Great Britain, gives us pleasing prospects of con tinued peace; and, however widely some of us may differ from the President, as to the manner in which he has discharged a por tion of his duties, yet the meed of praise is due to him, for his earnest and successful efforts, sustained and carried through b) the eminent abilities of his distinguish ed Secretary, to adjust our difficulties with that Power upon principles of Honor and of Justice. Nor is it to believed, that th good, arising from his adjustment, will be confined to the parties immediately con cerned. The noble example, set by two of the most powerful, intelligent andhono rable nations of the earth, in adjusting their difficulties, by a resort to argument, in t'ead of arms, will be worthy the imitation of every member constituting the great family of nations. The history of nations ought to have taught, and it is hoped has taught the pros e n generation, that that good which arises from the guidance of reason, and the die tates of justice, is more beneficial and per manent, than th.it which results from the most brilliant, triumph of arms, victorious ver right and justice. In inviting your attention to such mat ters, as ought to engtge your deliberation, luring your present Session, I refer you to 'he first Article of our Constitution, as .intended, whereby it becomes your duty, at this Scssiou, to lay off the State into Sen atorial Districts, and to apportion the rep resentatives in the House of Commons among the several Counties of the State. The rules by which you are to be guided in the discharge of your duties, are so expli eitljr laid down in the Constitution itself, a- to preclude all suggestions on the subject. At the last Session of Congress, an Act was passed, to apportion the Repres ?uta tives among the several States, according to the sixth Census. By this Act, the number of Representative--, to which North Carolina is entitled, is reduced from thir teen, to nine. It therefore becomes your duly, to lay off the State into nine Congres -iional, and eleven Elector.il districts. In the discharge of this duty, justice to the citizens of every part of the State, demands, that the districts shall be laid off, as nearly qual in Federal Population as it is practica ble to make them, and that they shall be most convenient for the voters and candi ilatesof every district. I ndeed,the principle, that in all popilar elections, every citizen should have th,e full political weight to which he is entitled by the Constitutions and Laws of his country, is so obviously just & undeniable, that it is deemed scarce ly necessary to suggest its adoption for your guidance in the discharge of your important duties. By an Act of Congress, approved the 4th Sept. 1841, entitled "An Act to appropri ate the Proceeds of the sales of the Public Lands, and to grant Pre-emption rights' a payment became due to North-Carolina at the Public Treasury, on the 1st July last. On 24th J une preceding, a communication fromthe'I reasury Departmentwas addressed to this Department, requesting that an A gent should be designated to receive the payment. I forthwith appointed Charles L. Hinton, Esq. Public Treasurer, the Agent of this State, to receive the pay ment; who proceeded to Washington for that purpose, but the amount was not then paid, for the reason, as it was alleged, thai the net amount lor distribution had not then Ik en ascertained. On the 4th No vember, the acting Secretary of the United States, informed me that the accounts had been adjusted, and the sum of 22,917 97 was found due this State, of which the JVeasurer was informed, and he forthwith in quested the Department at Washington to forward him a Draft for the amount I his Dralt lsdaily expected. It becomes your duty to appk this fund to such pur pose as your wisdom may suggest. I he Kaleigh and Gaston R.iil-road Com pany availed themselves of the Act of the past Session, entitled -An Act to secure the State against any and every liability, incurred for tne Raleigh &. Gaston Rail-road Company, and for tt.c relief of the s une," by accepting the benefit of the Act, and giving uie cxeeuLive nonce Ol tne accep- I tance within the time therein prescribed. The Deed of Mortgage, and Deed of Pledge 1 required oy said Act, have been duly exe- cuted and registered, and Bonds, to the amount of 25500,000. conditioned as requi red, have been executed and delivered to the Treasurer, signed by obligors, whom 1 believed al the time, to be able to pay and satisfy said Bonds. The Treasurer endorsed 300,000 of the Bonds of said company, as directed by said Act to do, and delivered them to the Company; anil having heretofore, under a former Act, en dorsed $500,000, the State stands respon sible for the Company, now, to the amount of 800,000. As yet, I am not aware that the 'Treasurer has been required to pay any thing for any responsibility, in curred by the State for this Corporation. At the same Session, an act, somewhat similar, entitled "An Act for the relief of the Wilmington and Raleigh Rail road Company," was passed. That Company availed itself of the benefit of the Act, by fully complying with its requirements, in giving the security, and their Bonds, to the amount of 300,000, have been endor sed by the Treasurer, as by said Act he was directed to do. 1 am not aware that any demand has been made upon the Treasury for any liability incurred for this Compa ny; and I am informed that the Company has discharged $50,000 of said bonds as re quired by the Act. Besides the intrrest. which the State should feel from pride and from utility, in the success of tbese two noble enterprises, there is an additional in erest, which invites your serious attention. For the first of these Roads, we have seen that the State is bound as security for US00,000 for the latter, she is bouud a security now for 250,000, besides being a Stockholder in the same to the amound of! 600,000. The first, and most important consideration th en, is How the Roads can be enabled to meet their liabilities, and thereby secure the State. The embarr iss ment of the country has been, for some time past, and is likely to be for some time to come, so extraordinary, that travel, the most piofitable source of revenue to Rail roads, lias decreased exceedingly, and the productions of industry are so low, and the profits of merchandise so reduced, that the income from heavy transportation has great ly diminished. No doubt is entertained but that both Roads would speedily extri cate themselves from debt, and make their stock profitable, could they have full em ploy ment. Any act of legislation, that can aid them, in procuring additional employ ment, without incurring additional respon sibility on the part of the State, will cer tainly be wise and prudent. His more than probable that application will be made to charter a Company to con struct a Rail-road from some point on the Raleigh and Gaston Kail-road, to Weldon, the point where the Portsmouth and Roan oke, and Wilmington and Raleigh Rail roads meet: thus connecting, by a continu ous Rail-road, our seat of Government with our own excellent Port of Wilmington, on the one hand, and with one of the best sea ports in the world, on the other. No valid objection to granting this charter is percei ved, while there is much to sustain its pro priety. The distance is short, some fifteen miles, the ground is favorable, and the usu al expense of Depots and Cars can be dis pensed with, by the use of those belonging to the Roads, so greatly interested in this connection. Besides the advantage of transferring heavy articles and such as are inconvenient to handle, directly from the Vessels to Cars, that will deliver them in Raleigh, and vice versa, it will cheapen and quicken transportation. by competition,shor ten the route by Rail-road to Wilmington, and give us the means of offering our pro ducts in the rival markets of Petersburg. Norfolk, and Wilmington, within a few hours after leaving the City of Raleigh. The next inquiry is, by what means the vast productions of the fertile West can be made to travel Eastward, and reap the ad vantages of these Rail-road facilities. From personal observation, I have found the Roads, leading from Raleigh Westward, for the distance of fifty or sixty miles, and those passing over similar Geological for mations, which range from North-East to South West, across the whole State, separ ating the rich valley of the Yadkin from Fayetteville, decidedly the worst in the St.te. Thus, we find the productions of this! range, often seeking a market much more distant than our own, because more easy of access; the towns of Cheraw, Camden, Columbia, and in the far West, jAugus'a, and Charleston, are much more familiarly known than even Fayetteville or Raleigh; much less, those Towns farther Eastward;! and this grows out of the impracticability, the intclliginoe and moral worth of its pop in a grcat'degree, of passing over our Roads, illation. Cananother such Teriitory, com- wilh heavy burdens at that season of the year, most convenient to take our products) to n.arket. The remedy for these evils, is believed to be in good Turnpikes improve ments more within our means, and there fore more likely to be made, and answering every desirable purpose. I therefore rec-; ot your wisdom to supply them, bayette ommend, that a Charter be granted, to j vide seems naturally to invite the corn make a Turnpike Road, from the City ofjmeice of the West. Her river affords as Raleigh, to some point Westward, selected I good and durable navigational most rivers with a view to its ultimate continuance to the extreme West, requiiingthe Corpora tion to commence operations at Raleigh, and to finish specified sections of the Road within specified periods, and making it for feit its charter as to all that part of the con templated Road, which is not finished with in the time prescribed, but granting the privilege to charge Tolls on all such parts as are completed, having a due regard to the citizens of the counties, through which the road may pass, so that they shall not he harassed by unnecessary exactions on those parts of the Road, lying in the Coun ties where they reside. Such a Charier would hold out inducements to capitalists, to embark in the enterprise, as they could abandon it, whenever they found it was likely to be injudicious, and yet retain what they had finished. Should this Road be continued to Waynesboro', which might be done at comparatively small expense, the Farmer would have the choice of mar kets, of Wilmington by the Railroad, or, New hern by the river Neuse. This I urnpike, it is confidently believed, would aid greatly to sustain the Rail-roads, and, at the same time, give to industry facilities, to which it is now a stranger. In connection with these Roads, I will again invite your attention to the facility with which the State can be called upon ior payment. If either of these Compa nies shall fail "to pay the principal and in terest as it accrues, the Public Treasurer is authorized to pay the same, out of any money in the Treasury at the time," and for this the faith of the State is pledged. i$y reference to the amount of semi-annual interest, and annual payments of principal which are required to be paid, it will be seen, that it is not probable, nor indeed it is necessary, that there should be in the Treasury at all timps, an amount sufficient to m e tluse. contingences, which, it is to be hoped, will never happen. Yet., as they may happen, ami as the pledge of the State must be kept under all circumstan-j ces, invioLte. and its faith ruatained I rec ! ommend that the Treasurer have authority to borrow from our Banks, a sum not ex-, reeding, ai any one time, th amount which the State may be required to piy, between the sessions of the Legislature,! and that these loans be contracted only as 'he demands are made, and after the funds belonging to the Treasury are exhausted. By a Resolution of the last Legislature, the Treasurer was directed t borrow from the Literary and internal lmpiovement Funds, such sums as might be necessary to defray the expenses of the State, until the 1st Nov. 142 Hie, at no time, borrow ing more than is required for the time be ing, and the officers, having charge of the-e Funds were, directed thus to loan them. The inconvenience of this plan, to supply the wants of tne Treasury, is ex perienced in this: A large amount of these funds have to lie idle in the Treasury, to be ready when the Treasurer may wish to borrow. The Boards, having charge of the funds, are ther eby restrained from seek ing for t.hem per manent investments, and the profits, which ought to arise from so large an amount, is greatly diminished, as it is not presumed, the Legislature con e nplated paying interest on any more-ttian was actually used. As these liabilities of the Treasury are to continue for years to cmne, it is the part ol prudence to make provision to meet then, promptly, no matter how sudden and unex peeled the call. I would respectfully invite your atten tion to the Public Highways generally. In the Eastern section of the State, the varie ty of navigable sounds, rivers and streams, ana ihe excellent adaptation of the face of the Country to good Roads, render Legis lative negligence on thesr; subjects, less op pressive. But from Fayetteville, the highest point of good Navigation West ward, (and the onlv navigation in our own State, in that direction, excepting the slight batteau Navigation of the Dan, as high as the County of Rockingham,) to the Buncombe Turnpike, a distance of some two hundred and fifty or three hundred miles, what navigable Stream, Bail road. Turnpike, or McJldamized highway, gives to the laborer facilities of transporta tion? None! literally, none! This vast extent of Territory, reaching frjm th. Blue Ridge in the West, to the alluvial re gion in the East, and extending across the whole Stale, it is believed, will compare with any spot upon the globe, for the ler tilily of its soil, the variety of its pr oduc- i tions, the salubrity of its climate, the beau jty of its landscapes, the richness of its Mines, the facilities for manufactures, and bining all those advantages, be found upon the tice of .he whole Ga-th, so wholly de titute ol natural or artificial facilities lor TrHiisnnrt.it inn ? 1 direct your attention to the wants of this portion of the State it is the busins in the South; her exporting Port ot Wil- mington, superior to those of Petersburg, Richmond, and many other important Towns and the wisdom of a previou Lg islature, tho'ight the necessities of this re gion demanded tne advantages which a Railroad couiil atljrd. This scheme hav ing failed, it is believed, from the pressure of the times, the next inquiry is What scheme, that is practicable, will afford the deswed facilities? Next to Navigation and Railroads, Turn pikes afford the be-t means ot taking pro duce to et. I thereby recommend that a Chaitet be granted to make a 'Turn pike from Fayetteville to the Yadkin river, at some point above the Narrows, or, if deemed most expedient, to some point on a similar road, leading from Rah igh, Westward, thus giving the West the ad vantages of boih Markets; with such favo rable conditions in the Charter, as hereto fore suggested, that Capitalists will be in duced to embark in the enterprise. And, surely, this scheme cannot'Jail for the want of means. Libor will bean excellent sub stitute for money, and labor cannot be dif ficult to obtain, in a region, now growing ( otton atsixcts. per lb. Corn at one Dollar per bbl and Wheat so low, that it takes one hall to transport the otner to Mar kit Should this lload ever reach the Yadkin, no doubt is entertained of its continuance across the Catawba, westward thus giv ing to this Road, the advantage s which will arise from the navigation of these two no ble rivers, from the Falls on the Southern horder of the State, now wholly obstruc ting their navigation for a great distance towards their sources. 'The Western portion of the State, corn pricing what may be termed the Mountain Counties, "h a vastly interesting r gion, and invius your due regnd. To make them mor interesting, we only have to make them moie accessible. The sublimity and beauty of its Mountain Scenery . the purity oi its waters, the buoyancy & salubrity of its atmosphere, the fertility of its valleys, the verdure of its mountains, and, above all its energetic, intelligent and hospitable inhabi tants, make it an inviting portion of the Stale. The face of the untry necessarily makes the construction of Roads very dim cult and expensive, and the sparsenessof the population in many places, forbids the im position of a duty so onerous upon them. These Mountain Roads are made at an ex pense, much less than might be supposed; and, when well made, are very firm and e sily kept in repair. The rapid descent in the Stream forbids much hope from Navigation, and, therefore, renders their claim upon the liberality of the Legislature, to aid them in -hese Roads more just and meritorious. When good Roads shall be tablished in that region, it is believed the population will increase with rapidity, Agriculture impiove, grazing will be exten ded, and Manufactures and the mechanic Arts will flourish in a location, combining o many advantages, and inviting their grovvih. The imnruved Highways will be additional inducements to the citizens )f other sections of our State, to abandon th ir usual Northen Tours, or visit to the Virginia Watering places, for a tour much more interesting among our own Moun tains, much cheaper and much more benu- lful a I our in which they will inspire health in every bre dh, and drink in health at ev ry draught. The large amount of mo-ley paid, and to be paid, into the Pub lic Treasury, from thai quarter, for vacant nd Cherokee Lands, would seem to give stronger claims to aid from the Treasury. t is, therefore respectfully recommended, that you gve to that section of the State, such aid, as in your wisdom its condition may require, and the condition of the Pub lic Treasury may justify. The Buncombe Turnpike, in which the State is a stockholder, shows the great ad vantages ari-ing from such improvements, and its profits, of twelve to fifteen per cent per annum, prove the great use that is madn of it. There is another inconvenience to which this section of the State labors, and to which I deem it proper to call your atten tion. 'This extensive Territory is wholly destitute of Banking facilities, although it is so large, that the County, which once embraced nearly the whole of it, was fre quently dignified with the appellation of a State. When ii is recollected, the large amount that is due to the State, for the sale oft herokee lands, it becomes a matter of public interest, that the debtors, who re side mostly in that quarter, should have a currencv among them in which to make . payment. Turning our attention to the Eas'ern part of the State, two improvements, said to be practicable, assume an importance that render- them National in their charac-, ter. I allude to the opening of the Roa noke Inlet, and connection of Pamlico Sound, by a Ship Channel, with Beaufort Harbor. Frequent surveys of the first of these proposed improvements, made by able and scientific Engineers, and, mora particularly, one lately made under the au thority of this State, by Maj Walter Gwynn, whose qualifications, endorsed by the General Government, are equalled on ly by his practical skill, establish the feasi bility of this work. The advantages ari sing from this improvement to our Com merce, an too obvious to need pointing out. But the view to be taken of its vast importance, i, in the protection it will af ford to our slipping, and the lives of our seamen. The difficulty and dangers often encountered at Ocracoke Inlet, render the connection between Pamlico Sound and Beaufort Harhor of vas' importance to the convenience and security of our Commerce and Shipping. It will bean extension of that inland navigation, so essential to us, in time of war, and give access to one of the . safest harbors on our coast and one from which a Vessel can be quicker at sea, than from any other, perhaps, on the Contin ent. In these improvements, the Com-, mere of the nation is interested; it be comes the duty of the nation to make them, if thev be practicable and proper. I there fore recommend, that you bring the atten tion of Congress to the subject, in the man ner most likely to effect the object. The attention of Congress has been repeatedly dja vn to the first of these objects, but nothing is ye done. We should assert a continual claim to our right, to have this workeflVrted by the General Government It is bevond the present ability of the State to "execute it, and if it were not, it so appropriately belongs io the General Gov- i eminent to execute n, my ' considered an infringement oi us r.gnts, for the State to attempt it. You would be saved the trouble of this appeal, if the na tion could witness one of those storms bo
The Tarborough Southerner (Tarboro, N.C.)
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Dec. 3, 1842, edition 1
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